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Three flight crew members were operating Flight 516. Normally, two crew members can operate an Airbus A350, but this flight had an additional co-pilot seated on the right, undergoing transition training from a Boeing 767 to an A350.
The mentioned co-pilot already possessed the national qualification to be an A350 co-pilot, but meeting JAL’s internal requirements entails engaging in practical training during regular flights. Only after completing this on-the-job training and passing an internal examination is one officially certified as an A350 co-pilot.
The captain, who sat in the left seat, belonged to the A350 training department and was a flight instructor, holding the qualifications to instruct trainees like the aforementioned co-pilot.
A third pilot seated in the observer seat was fully qualified as an A350 co-pilot. According to company policy, to have a yet-to-be-confirmed co-pilot seated in the right seat, a qualified pilot must monitor from behind, referred to as a safety pilot. So, on this occasion, three pilots operated the flight.
This arrangement ensures careful monitoring from the back, and the right seat co-pilot carried out the landing under this system.